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ACI’s Annual Competitiveness Analysis of the Sub-National Economies of India

For India, the Annual Competitiveness Analysis of the Sub-National Economies is one of the flagship projects which commenced in 2014, focusing on the disparities among the 36 sub-national economies.* The analysis provides the rankings and scores based on a holistic assessment, taking into consideration various factors such as economic stability, efficiency of government institutions, business and manpower conditions and quality of life.

Our research also provides another unique perspective by conducting the What-if simulation analysis. We identify the weakest indicators for every sub-national economy and demonstrate how, by improving them through policy simulations, the sub-national economy’s overall ranking can be upgraded. We have been conducting this project regularly to provide a guide for policymakers in devising targeted policies.

Click here to access the latest publication.

The federal territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh are considered as one sub-national economy due to data constraint.



Competitiveness Results (2020)


Past Collaborations

 

We have also been involved with various sub-national level governments in providing them with data driven policy recommendations based on our research expertise.

     • We have worked with the Government of Andhra Pradesh in auditing the efficiency of the Real Time Monitoring System (ROMS) across the different sectors including urban development, tourism, energy and infrastructure and assessing its performance on ACI’s Ease of Doing Business Index.

     • In 2018, we organised an Advance Executive Programme in Singapore for the senior government officers of Andhra Pradesh to strengthen their knowledge and practices of governances and public administration. This programme included capacity building through case studies and field trips to several organisations such as Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, Housing and Development Board, Urban Redevelopment Authority and NEWater.

     • We have also worked with the Government of Uttarakhand on Productivity Tracking and Efficiency Monitoring of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and Special Report on Liveable and Smart Cities for Dehradun. The projects were aimed at helping Uttarakhand attract foreign investment, promote international tourism and improve the standard of living for its residents.




India_Past Collaborations

Author/s: VAID, Rohanshi and ZHANG, Xuyao

Publisher: Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI)

Author/s: ZHANG, Xuyao and VAID, Rohanshi

Publisher: Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI)

Author/s: ZHANG, Xuyao and Sumedha, GUPTA

Publisher: Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI)

Author/s: ZHANG, Xuyao and GUPTA, Sumedha

Publisher: Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI)

Author/s: ABEYSINGHE, Tilak and ZHANG, Xuyao

Publisher: Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI)

For better or for worse, the COVID-19 pandemic has re-shaped the global economy. Online businesses featuring remote communication have waxed, and traditional industries that involve in-person contact have waned. Such a huge economic shift has given rise to structural unemployment, predominantly of low-skilled workers in shrinking industries. Although the government can provide subsidies in the short run, facilitating labour transfers from shrinking to growing industries is inevitable for long-run labour quality growth.

The pandemic also caused underemployment in two ways: 1) individuals worked for fewer hours than necessary or desired, and 2) individuals worked in lower-paying jobs that do not match their skill set. Both situations led to lower productivity levels. Thus, the significance of this study lies in providing a benchmark for policymakers to reckon the labour quality movement for ASEAN-5 economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) and the sub-national economies of China, India and Indonesia.

If you would like to request for an e-copy of the whole book, please drop us an email at decb64_YWNpQG51cy5lZHUuc2c=_decb64.

December 2019

Productivity Tracking and Efficiency Monitoring of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: Case Studies on Singapore and State of Uttarakhand, India

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Mulya, AMRI, Sasidaran, GOPALAN, ZHANG, Xuyao, Nursyahida, AHMAD, Nguyen, DUY, ZHOU, Shida, CHUAH, Hui Yin, LIM, Tao Oei, Jigyasa, SHARMA, Sumedha, GUPTA and Sky, CHUA Jun Jie

Publisher: Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI)

December 2019

Annual Competitiveness Analysis and Impact Estimation of Welfare Spending on Fiscal Sustainability of Sub-National Economies of India

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Jigyasa, SHARMA and Sumedha, GUPTA

Publisher: Unigrow Creative Print Pte Ltd

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Sasidaran, GOPALAN and Jigyasa, SHARMA

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd

Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI) at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (LKYSPP), National University of Singapore (NUS) started producing its flagship analysis of competitiveness covering the sub-national economies of India on an annual basis since 2013. A unique feature of ACI's research comes from an effort to recognise the heterogeneity of India and how the variations in the dynamics of competitiveness pan out at the sub-national level. This book entitled Annual Competitiveness Analysis and Impact Estimation of Exchange Rates on Exports from Sub-National Economies of India not only undertakes a comprehensive and robust analysis of competitiveness in India's 36 sub-national economies but also features an empirical analysis of the impact of exchange rate movements and volatility on exports from sub-national economies of India.

Overall, the analysis we provide in this book relating to different dimensions of competitiveness of India's sub-national economies can not only stand up to academic scrutiny as it is grounded in rigorous methodological foundations but also remains accessible and appealing to policymakers as we offer tailored policy recommendations based on our analysis that will enable them to take appropriate policy interventions in their sub-national economies to improve their overall competitiveness.

Author/s: TAN Khee Giap, Sasidaran GOPALAN, Jigyasa SHARMA and LEONG Puey Ei

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd

This book entitled 2017 Annual Competitiveness Analysis and Impact of Exchange Rates on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Sub-National Economies of Indiais the fifth edition of the Asia Competitiveness Institute's flagship analysis of competitiveness covering the sub-national economies of India. The research in this study comes from an effort to recognise the heterogeneity of India and how the variations in the dynamics of competitiveness pan out at the sub-national level.

Based on rigorous methodological foundations, the competitiveness study possesses several distinguishing features. First, the competitiveness index is constructed from a holistic set of 75 indicators spanning four different dimensions encompassing (1) macroeconomic stability, (2) government and institutional setting, (3) financial, business and manpower conditions, and (4) quality of life and infrastructure development, which carry equal weights. Second, the Shapley Values approach is used to construct alternative weights for the competitiveness index. Such approach measures the marginal contribution of a particular indicator used in the analysis and is embedded in solid mathematical and theoretical foundations. This serves as a robustness check to the Equal Weights approach. Third, the analysis includes a What-if competitiveness simulation exercise to identify the specific policy areas that each sub-national economy must focus on to improve its rankings.

Intrinsically tied to the notion of competitiveness is the issue of maintaining a competitive exchange rate. Using real effective exchange rates as a proxy for competitiveness, this book also undertakes an empirical investigation of the impact of real exchange rates on foreign direct investment inflows at the sub-national level in India.

This edition is recommended for academics, undergraduate and graduate students, and professionals interested in India's economic development.



ISBN: 978-981-3272-30-9 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-981-3272-32-3 (ebook)
Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Sasidaran, GOPALAN, Jigyasa, SHARMA and TAN, Kong Yam

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd

This book entitled “Inaugural 2016 Ease of Doing Business Index on Attractiveness to Investors, Business Friendliness and Competitive Policies (EDB Index ABC) for 21 Sub-National Economies of India” is the very first edition of the Ease of Doing Business (EDB) index by the Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI) at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (LKYSPP), National University of Singapore (NUS). Conducive and favourable business conditions by easing the impediments to doing business has been established as an important determinant to enhance both domestic as well as foreign investments. Existing popular indicators in the literature have been mired in controversies as they do not adequately reflect the heterogeneity of countries like India at the sub-national level. To overcome such gaps, this book introduces a comprehensive index by making use of a set of 81 soft and hard indicators spanning three different dimensions encompassing (A) Attractiveness to Investors, (B) Business Friendliness, (C) Competitive Policies, allowing us to measure the multi-dimensional aspects of ease of doing business at the sub-national level in India. The bottom-up approach takes into account the various operational issues that firms face at the ground level, with the emphasis being on de facto issues. The book also has a novel analytical tool in the form of a What-if simulation analysis that assists policy makers in identifying the weaknesses in their respective sub-national economies that warrant an improvement. Conducive and favourable business conditions by easing the impediments to doing business has been established as an important determinant to enhance both domestic as well as foreign investments. Existing popular indicators in the literature have been mired in controversies as they do not adequately reflect the heterogeneity of countries like India at the sub-national level. To overcome such gaps, this book introduces a comprehensive index by making use of a set of 81 soft and hard indicators spanning three different dimensions encompassing (A) Attractiveness to Investors, (B) Business Friendliness, (C) Competitive Policies, allowing us to measure the multi-dimensional aspects of ease of doing business at the sub-national level in India. The bottom-up approach takes into account the various operational issues that firms face at the ground level, with the emphasis being on de facto issues. The book also has a novel analytical tool in the form of a What-if simulation analysis that assists policy makers in identifying the weaknesses in their respective sub-national economies that warrant an improvement.

ISBN: 978-981-3226-84-5 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-981-3226-86-9 (ebook)
Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Sasidaran, GOPALAN, Anuja, TANDON and TAN, Kong Yam

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd

This book entitled “2016 Annual Competitiveness and Growth Slowdown Analysis for Sub-National Economies of India” undertakes rigorous empirical research on competitiveness of the sub-national economies of India. Into its fourth edition, this book presents Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI)’s annual update of sub-national competitiveness employing 75 different indicators across four different environments to capture the dynamics of competitiveness in a holistic way. The book also has a ‘What-if’ competitiveness simulation exercise to identify the specific policy areas that each sub-national economy must focus on to improve their rankings. Further to an analysis of competitiveness, the book assesses India’s growth trajectories and investigate the risk of growth slowdown for India at the sub-national level. Delving deeper into understanding the dynamics of economic growth of the various sub-national economies in India is a significant value-addition to the related literature as it makes a significant departure from the traditional growth literature that has largely focussed on analysing India as a whole entity.

ISBN: 978-981-3226-81-4 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-981-3226-83-8 (ebook)
Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Sasidaran, GOPALAN and Anuja, TANDON

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd

This book by the Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI) undertakes rigorous empirical research relating to competitiveness of states and federal territories in India. The competitiveness framework employed by ACI computes the rankings for the 35 states and federal territories of India by factoring in a plethora of socio-economic development indicators that determine competitiveness. In this book, ACI's competitiveness analysis employs 75 different indicators across four different environments to capture the dynamics of competitiveness in a holistic way at the sub-national level. Further, the book produces a 'What-If' competitiveness simulation exercise to identify the specific policy areas that each state or federal territory must focus on to improve their rankings. Along with competitiveness, the book also presents a comprehensive analysis of issues relating to agricultural productivity at the sub-national level. Specifically, the book discusses the relevance and importance of raising total factor productivity in the agriculture sector in India at the state level and also brings out the extent of intra-state and intra-regional disparities prevalent in the country.

ISBN: 978-981-3147-85-0 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-981-3147-88-1 (ebook)
Author/s: Linda LOW and Kartik RAO

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd

This book by the Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI) presents the inaugural regional competitiveness analysis for the five regions of India as a basis for the Master Plan on Strategic Regional Economic Development using regional classifications as defined by the Confederation of Indian Industry. Potential strategic clusters are identified for intra-regional collaboration given each region's unique strengths and resource endowments to facilitate accelerated economic growth and development which is balanced, fair and sustainable. The book also presents an update of ACI's annual competitiveness analysis of India's 35 states and federal territories. States and federal territories are ranked by ACI's comprehensive methodology by employing 75 indicators across four environments. Going beyond the rankings, the what-if policy simulations offer states and federal territories relevant policy prescriptions based on their respective strengths and weaknesses. A subset of the competitiveness indicators are then utilised for Geweke Causality Analysis to highlight the impact of strong leadership on economic development in the states of Bihar and Tamil Nadu.

ISBN: 978-981-4667-52-4 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-981-4667-54-8 (ebook)

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Sasidaran, GOPALAN and Sarthak, LUTHRA

Publisher: Journal of Economics and Public Finance 6:2, 78-103 [US]

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Sasidaran, GOPALAN and Jigyasa, SHARMA

Publisher: South Asian Journal of Business Studies 8 (2): 166-184 [USA]

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, LUU NGUYEN, Trieu Duong and Sangiita, YOONG Wei Cher

Publisher: International Journal of Social Economics, 46 (3): 429-453 [UK]

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Sasidaran, GOPALAN and NGUYEN, Will

Publisher: South Asia Journal of Business Studies, 7 (3): 242-264 [USA]

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature by introducing a novel index that measures ease of doing business (EDB) at the sub-national level. The authors provide a comprehensive assessment of both de jure and de facto business conditions in 21 sub-national economies of India, with the help of a holistic framework that encompasses indicators capturing Attractiveness to Investors, Business Friendliness and Competitive Policies (ABC), the three broad environments that constitute the EDB–ABC index.
Author/s: Sasidaran, GOPALAN and RAJAN, Ramkishen S.

Publisher: Asian Survey, 57(5):833-855 [US]

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Anuja, TANDON and XIE, Teleixi

Publisher: International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management , 15(1): 38-57, 2017 (USA)

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Kartik, RAO and RAJAN, Ramkishen S.

Publisher: International Journal of Development Issues, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.231 - 248, 2015 (UK)

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Kartik, RAO and Sasidaran, GOPALAN

Publisher: International Journal of Business Competition and Growth, 4(3/4): 192-219, 2015 (UK)

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, NIE, Tongxin and Kartik, RAO

Publisher: International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 13(2): 154–169, 2016 (UK)

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap and RAO, Vittal Kartik

Publisher: International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management (Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 476 - 493, 2015) (UK)

Author/s: VAID, Rohanshi, GUPTA, Shubhangi and GEORGE, Ammu

March 2020

Productivity Tracking and Efficiency Monitoring (PTEM) Index for the State of Uttarakhand

Author/s: GUPTA, Sumedha, DASARATHY, Ashwath and MUKUNDAN, Sri Ranjani

December 2019

An Assessment of Liveable Cities Index for Dehradun in the State of Uttarakhand

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, LIM, Tao Oei and Jigyasa, SHARMA

September 2019

Quality-Adjusted Labour of India’s Sub-National Economies

Author/s: Sumedha, GUPTA, Aishwarya, NARAYANAN and Vardaan, CHAWLA

June 2019

Analysing Trends and Patterns of Productivity and Employment in Sub-National Economies of India

Author/s: Sumedha, GUPTA, Aishwarya, NARAYANAN and Vardaan, CHAWLA

June 2019

An Evaluation of Departmental Performance in the Government of Andhra Pradesh

Author/s: MAO, Ke, TAN, Kway Guan and Melissa, POH Wei Le

May 2019

Understanding the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Landscape in Uttarakhand

Author/s: S Shalini, SIVAKRISHNAN and Ajay Veer, SINGH

May 2019

Analysing Competitiveness for the State of Andhra Pradesh

Author/s: Jigyasa, SHARMA, Aishwarya, NARAYANAN and Melissa, POH Wei Le

February 2019

Department Performance in the State of Andhra Pradesh: A Survey Data Analysis

Author/s: TAN, Kway Guan and Melissa, POH Wei Le

February 2019

Positioning Andhra Pradesh as India's Number One Tourist Destination

Author/s: Devanshee, SHUKLA and Aishwarya, NARAYANA

January 2019

The Dynamics of Welfare Spending and Budget Sustainability: A Case-Study of India

Author/s: Megan, FOO

January 2019

Welfare Spending and Budget Sustainability: A Summary of Findings on OECD, ASEAN and Sub-National Economies of China, India and Indonesia

Author/s: ABEYSINGHE, Tilak and ZHANG, Xuyao

January 2019

Doing Business in Andhra Pradesh: A Case Study Using ACI’s Ease of Doing Business Index

Author/s: Aishwarya, NARAYANA and Vardaan, CHAWLA

July 2018

Trends and Patterns in Welfare Spending and Fiscal Sustainability in India

Author/s: Ridhi, BHATNAGAR and Megan, FOO

July 2018

Evaluating Welfare Programmes and Governance in the State of Andhra Pradesh

Author/s: NGUYEN, Duy

June 2018

Statistical Analysis of Government Efficiency in the State of Andhra Pradesh

Author/s: NGUYEN, DUY and Megan, FOO

May 2018

Evaluating Real Time Governance for the State of Andhra Pradesh

Author/s: Isaac, TAN Yang En and TAN, Kway Guan

February 2018

Sub-National Competitiveness in India: Best Performers and Laggards during 2013-2018

Author/s: LEONG, Puey Ei, Jigyasa, SHARMA and Saipriya, SALLA

September 2017

Empirical Impact of Real Effective Exchange Rates on Merchandise Exports from India’s Sub-National Economies

Author/s: Ramkishen, S. RAJAN,, Sasidaran, GOPALAN and Jigyasa, SHARMA

July 2017

India’s Exports Since 1991: A National and Sub-National Analysis

Author/s: Jigyasa, SHARMA, Nursyahida, AHMAD and Fatima, PERVAIZ

January 2017

A Novel Index to Measure Ease of Doing Business in 21 Indian Sub-National Economies

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Sasidaran, GOPALAN and QIAN, Yuwei

November 2016

Empirical Impact of Real Effective Exchange Rates on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows into Indian Sub-National Economies

Author/s: Sasidaran, GOPALAN, Sarthak, LUTHRA and YAP, Xin Yi

October 2016

Patterns of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Indian Sub-National Economies

Author/s: Sasidaran, GOPALAN, Nursyahida Binte, AHMAD and Anuja, TANDON

December 2015

Empirical Evidence by Geweke Approach on Factors Contributing to Competitiveness and Stagnation of Tamil Nadu, India

Author/s: TAN Khee Giap, NIE Tongxin & Anuja TANDON

September 2015

2015 Master Plan for Strategic Regional Economic Development of India: Vision 2030

Author/s: TAN Khee Giap, TAN Kong Yam, Linda Low, Kartik RAO, NIE Tongxin, Anuja TANDON, Shinae BAEK

June 2015

Policy Research Agenda to Promote Competitiveness, Attract Foreign Investors and Improve Business Friendliness for 35 Sub-national Economies of India

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap and Anuja, TANDON

Publisher: Special Issue (vol. 37) on Doing Business across the Continents" in STRATEGIA, published by CENTRUM Católica Graduate Business School in September 2015

April 2015

Empirical Evidence by Geweke Approach on Factors Contributing to Competitiveness and Stagnation of Four Selected States in India (2)

Author/s: TAN Khee Giap, NIE Tongxin & Kartik RAO

December 2014

How Productive is the Agricultural Across Indian States?

Author/s: Kartik RAO and RAJAN, Ramkishen S.

May 2014

Empirical Evidence by Geweke Approach on Factors Contributing to Competitiveness and Stagnation of Four Selected States in India (1)

Author/s: TAN Khee Giap, NIE Tongxin & Kartik RAO

Author/s: GUPTA, Nidhi, GEORGE, Ammu and VAID, Rohanshi

Publisher: The New Indian Express

Author/s: GUPTA, Sumedha and GEORGE, Ammu

Publisher: The New Indian Express

Author/s: GUPTA, Sumedha and GEORGE, Ammu

Publisher: Hindu Business Line

Author/s: TAN, Khee Giap, Sasidaran GOPALAN and RAJAN, Ramkishen S.

Publisher: Financial Express

Author/s: TAN Khee Giap, TAN Kong Yam & Sasidaran GOPALAN

Publisher: The Straits Times

September 2013

Author/s: TAN Khee Giap, Linda LOW & Kartik RAO

Publisher: The Business Times