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For better or for worse, the COVID-19 pandemic has re-shaped the global economy. Online businesses featuring remote communication have waxed, and traditional industries that involve in-person contact have waned. Such a huge economic shift has given rise to structural unemployment, predominantly of low-skilled workers in shrinking industries. Although the government can provide subsidies in the short run, facilitating labour transfers from shrinking to growing industries is inevitable for long-run labour quality growth.

The pandemic also caused underemployment in two ways: 1) individuals worked for fewer hours than necessary or desired, and 2) individuals worked in lower-paying jobs that do not match their skill set. Both situations led to lower productivity levels. Thus, the significance of this study lies in providing a benchmark for policymakers to reckon the labour quality movement for ASEAN-5 economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) and the sub-national economies of China, India and Indonesia.

If you would like to request for an e-copy of the whole book, please drop us an email at decb64_YWNpQG51cy5lZHUuc2c=_decb64.

Indonesia is one of the largest economies in the world and is one of the major players in the global economy. The diversity in Indonesia's socio-economic structure from province to province and region to region warrants an in-depth inquisition at the sub-national level. This book forms part of the series of Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI) annual flagship study on the competitiveness of the 34 provinces in Indonesia. Using over 100 indicators, the study covers four environments in (1) Macroeconomic Stability, (2) Government and Institutional Setting, (3) Financial, Businesses and Manpower Conditions and (4) Quality of Life and Infrastructure Development, and 12 sub-environments. This book also provides insights to the comparative strengths and weaknesses of the sub-national economies and conducts a "What-ifs" policy simulation to craft targeted policy recommendations for each province.

This sixth edition will continue to elucidate the competitiveness landscape of each province's competitiveness. Additionally, this edition will also feature commentaries by the local academics on the recent developments in the 34 provinces of Indonesia. In view of the importance of international trade to the Indonesia's economy, this book also features the study of impact estimation of exchange rates on exports in Indonesia.

Indonesia's diverse economic landscape and growing importance in the global and regional stages warrant deeper understanding of the economy at sub-national levels. This book by the Asia Competitiveness Institute (ACI) is an update of ACI's annual study of the competitiveness landscape of 34 Indonesian provinces. With 100 indicators covering four environments and 12 sub-environments of competitiveness, the study's unique methodology incorporates comparative strengths and weaknesses, and "what-if" policy simulations aimed at policy suggestions for each province.

This fifth instalment will continue to feature a structure and graphical presentation that offer investors an overview of each province's competitiveness landscape. A novel addition to this update is the chapter co-authored by academics from Indonesian provinces, which details recent developments in 34 provinces of Indonesia. This latest edition also introduces a novel approach of weights assignment in the form of Shapley values as a robustness test to our findings. Additionally, a new appendix has been included which provides a richer visual representation of each province's competitiveness profile. Finally, our study on the impact of exchange rates on foreign direct investment inflows to the provinces of Indonesia is also featured as a chapter in this book.

Coupled with practical insights and policy implications, this book is a recommended read for policymakers, researchers, and the general audience interested in Indonesia's economic development.

 ISBN: 978-981-3272-27-9 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-981-3272-29-3 (ebook)

This book showcases the findings of a series of studies regarding Indonesia’s economic development and competitiveness at the sub-national level. The main content is based on the 2016 annual update of the flagship study by the Asia Competitiveness Institute at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, on competitiveness of Indonesia’s 34 provinces and six regions. Unique to this edition, the book also features results of our empirical research on determinants of growth slowdown in Indonesian provinces and its policy implications, as well as the inaugural Ease of Doing Business Index on Attractiveness to Investors, Business Friendliness and Competitive Policies (EDB index ABC) for all Indonesian provinces.

ISBN: 978-981-3226-87-6 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-981-3226-89-0 (ebook)

This book features the only annual study of Indonesia’s sub-national competitiveness landscape across 34 provinces that is conducted impartially, consistently, and aimed towards the country’s policymakers as well as the international audience. Drawing insights from 103 indicators covering four environments and 12 sub-environments of competitiveness, the study’s unique methodology showcases the comparative strengths and weaknesses of each province, and presents a “what-if” policy simulation aimed to help policymakers identify ways to improve the competitiveness of their province.

ISBN: 978-981-3226-90-6 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-981-3226-92-0 (ebook)