Credits & References
Interviews
Aubeck Kam, “LKYSPP interview with Aubeck Kam, by Jean Chia” (interview, Singapore, August 18, 2022).
Cham Hui Fong, “LKYSPP interview with Cham Hui Fong, by Jia Hao Chan” (interview, Singapore, August 25, 2022).
Koh Juan Kiat, “LKYSPP interview with Koh Juan Kit, by Jia Hao Chan” (interview, Singapore, August 15, 2022).
Lim Boon Heng, “LKYSPP interview with Lim Boon Heng, by Jean Chia” (interview, Singapore, August 15, 2022).
Lim Chong Yah, “LKYSPP interview with Lim Chong Yah, by Kok Hoe Ng and Jia Hao Chan” (interview, Singapore, August 12, 2022).
Lim Pin, “LKYSPP interview with Lim Pin, by Jean Chia” (interview, Singapore, August 22, 2022).
Lim Swee Say, “LKYSPP interview interview with Lim Swee Say, by Jia Hao Chan” (interview, Singapore, August 19, 2022).
Mary Liew, “LKYSPP interview with Mary Liew, by Kok Hoe Ng” (interview, Singapore, August 10, 2022).
Ong Yen Her, “LKYSPP interview with Ong Yen Her, by Kok Hoe Ng” (interview, Singapore, July 22, 2022).
Peter Seah, “LKYSPP interview with Peter Seah, by Kok Hoe Ng” (interview, Singapore, August 22, 2022).
Robert Yap, “LKYSPP interview with Robert Yap, by Jean Chia” (interview, Singapore, August 23, 2022).
Stephen Lee, “LKYSPP interview with Stephen Lee, by Jia Hao Chan” (interview, Singapore, August 26, 2022).
Books & Publications
Hawyee, Auyong. Tripartism in wage setting and wage flexibility, a Singapore case study. Singapore: Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, 2022. https://doi.org/10.25818/ca26-jw30.
Lim, Chong Y. “Singapore’s High Wage Policy Revisited”. Singapore Economic Review 67, 4 (2022): 1175–83. https://www-worldscientific-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/doi/epdf/10.1142/S0217590822500394
Lim, Chong Yah. Singapore’s National Wages Council: An Insider’s View. Singapore: World Scientific, 2013.
Lim-Ng, Bee Eng. Chronology of Trade Union Development in Singapore 1940-1985. Singapore: Singapore National Trades Union Congress, 1986.
Ministry of Labour, The Charter for Industrial Progress and the Productivity Code of Practice. Singapore: National Archives of Singapore, 1965.
Ngiam Kee-Jin. “Coping with the Asian Financial Crisis: The Singapore Experience.” In From crisis to recovery: East Asia rising again, edited by Tzong-Shian Yu and Dianqing Xu, 141–172. Singapore: World Scientific, 2001.
Tan Chung Lee. The Story of NWC: 40 Years of Tripartite Commitment and Partnership. Singapore: Straits Times Press, 2013.
Teck-Wong Soon and C. Suan Tan. The Lessons of East Asia: Singapore Public Policy and Economic Development Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 1993.
Government Documents
Lee Kuan Yew. “Prime Minister’s May Day Message”. Singapore: National Archives of Singapore, 1979. https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/lky19790430.pdf
Ministry of Labour. “National Wages Council Wage Guidelines For 1994”, 1994.
Ministry of Manpower. “National Wages Council Revised Wage Guidelines For 1998 – 1999”.
Ministry of Manpower. “National Wages Council 2020/2021 Guidelines”, 2000.
Ministry of Manpower. “National Wage Council 2021/2022 Guidelines”, 2021.
Ministry of Manpower. “Statement on Labour Market Developments in 1H 2020”, September 14, 2020.
Ministry of Manpower. “Statement on Labour Market Developments in 2H 2020”, March 16, 2021.
Ministry of Manpower. “Tripartite Guidelines on the Re-Employment of Older Employees”. MOM Employment Guidelines, October 12, 2020, https://www.mom.gov.sg/-/media/mom/documents/employment-practices/guidelines/tripartite-guidelines-on-re-employment-of-older-employees.pdf
Singapore Economic Committee. “The Singapore Economy: New Directions”. Report of the Economic Committee, February 1986.
Ministry of Manpower. “Tripartite workgroup releases recommendations on self-employed persons”. Employment Practices, February 22, 2018. https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2018/0222-tripartite-workgroup-releases-recommendations-on-self-employed-persons
Ministry of Trade and Industry. “Written Reply to PQ on Petrochemical Industries”. Parliament Q&A, April 5, 2021. https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Parliamentary-Replies/2021/04/Written-reply-to-PQ-on-petrochemical-industries
Parliament of Singapore. “Budget Statement”. February 25, 2000.
Parliament of Singapore. “Annual Budget Statement”. February 26, 1999.
Journal Articles
Chan, Heng Chee. “Singapore in 1985: Managing Political Transition and Economic Recession,” Asian Survey 26, no. 2 (1986): 164. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644451.
Fernandez, Michael and Kah Seng Loh. “The Left-Wing Trade Unions in Singapore, 1945-1970.” In Paths Not Taken: Political Pluralism in Post-‐War Singapore, edited by Michael Barr and Carl A. Trocki, 206-227. Singapore: NUS Press, 2008.
Islam, Iyanatul, and Colin Kirkpatrick. “Export-led development, labour-market conditions and the distribution of income: the case of Singapore”. Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 10.2 (1986): 118.
Kleinsorge, Paul L. “Singapore’s industrial arbitration court: Collective bargaining with compulsory arbitration”. ILR Review 17, 4 (1964): 551-565.
Pai, Sandeep, Johannes Emmerling, Laurent Drouet, Hisham Zerriffi, and Jessica Jewell, “Meeting well-below 2°C target would increase energy sector jobs globally”. One Earth, Volume 4, Issue 7: 1026-1036, July 23, 2021. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259033222100347X
Sheldon, Peter, Bernard Gan, and David Morgan. Making Singapore’s tripartism work (faster): the formation of the Singapore National Employers’ Federation in 1980.” Business History 57, no. 3 (2015): 438-460.
Yong, F. “Emergence of Chinese Community Leaders in Singapore, 1890–1941”. Journal of South Seas Society 30, 1 (December 1975): 12-13.
Yun, Hing Ai. “Social Dialogue and The Flexible Wage System in Singapore.” In Best Practices in Social Dialogue, edited by A. Sivananthiran, 125-126. New Delhi: International Labor Organization, 2003.
Websites & Others
“Marshall at the Bus Depot: The Brick Workers Disown T.U.C”. The Straits Times. April 30, 1955, https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19550430-1.2.7
Chia, Joshua. “Labour Front”. National Library Board. 2006. https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1149_2010-06-14.html
Civil Service College. “Skilling up for a Green Future”. Ethos, Issue 24. August 1, 2022. https://www.csc.gov.sg/articles/skilling-up-for-a-green-future#notes
Cornelius, Vernon. “Indian Convict’ Contribution to Early Singapore (1825-1873)”. National Library Board. 2018. https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_39_2005-02-02.html#:~:text=Between%201825%20to%201872%2C%20Indian,the%20construction%20of%20public%20works.
Digital Platforms Industry Association. “About us”. 2023. https://dpiasg.com/about-us/
Digital Platforms Industry Association. “Statement on the Advisory Committee on Platform Workers’ Recommendations on Strengthening Protections for Platform Workers”. November 23, 2022. https://dpiasg.com/media-news/statement-on-the-advisory-committee-on-platform-workers-recommendations-on-strengthening-protections-for-platform-workers/
Industrial Arbitration Court. “History”. 2021. https://www.iac.gov.sg/about-us/history
Kurohi, Rei. “Singapore’s Green Plan offers New Jobs and Economic Growth”. The Straits Times. February 10, 2021. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-governments-green-plan-offers-new-jobs-and-economic-growth
Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth. “25 Singapore Together Alliances for Action and Updates”. https://www.mccy.gov.sg/about-us/news-and-resources/press-statements/2021/jun/-/media/F02F66B4152E4C4E81175D0F7E9E2981.ashx
National Library Board. “1958 State of Singapore Constitution is Adopted”. https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/be12893b-2734-4297-b6df-c7229bb05259
National Library Board Singapore. “Singapore Manufacturers’ Association is Founded: 1932”. https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/c14b26b8-0085-45fa-8da4-92630915aad2
National Trades Union Congress. “The 1940s”. 2019, https://ms50.ntuc.org.sg/1940s/
National Trades Union Congress. “The 1950s”. 2019, https://ms50.ntuc.org.sg/1950s/
National Trades Union Congress. “The 1960s”. 2019, https://ms50.ntuc.org.sg/1960s/
SG Green Plan. “Singapore Green Plan 2030”. December 30, 2022. https://www.greenplan.gov.sg/
Tan, Lester, “Singapore’s Tripartite Partners will Continue to work with Employers to Tackle Manpower Challenges”. HumanResourcesOnline, April 29, 2022. https://www.humanresourcesonline.net/singapore-s-tripartite-partners-will-continue-to-work-with-employers-to-tackle-manpower-challenges
U.S. Library of Congress. “The Malays”. http://countrystudies.us/singapore/17.htm