Using a tobacco control framework that combines demand-reduction and selected supply-reduction measures according to a health system’s building blocks, the study presented in this seminar aims to provide a brief overview of the state of implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in ASEAN countries from a health systems perspective. Our study shows that more ASEAN member states are showing leadership in adopting effective policies in the MPOWER suite of interventions such as raising taxes on tobacco, establishing smoke-free areas and implementing graphic health warnings. We argue however that the effective enforcement of these policies is hampered by the lack of policies to protect public health measures from tobacco industry interference. ASEAN faces three challenges to control and reduce tobacco use: tackling the increasing burden of disease from tobacco use, tobacco industry interference and the need for better governance based on stronger political will and commitment. We argue that ASEAN member states need to further invest and innovate on tobacco control and promoting healthy lifestyles in order to achieve the SDG target on tobacco control.