{"id":3643,"date":"2023-12-05T06:31:47","date_gmt":"2023-12-05T06:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/?page_id=3643"},"modified":"2025-03-11T04:11:04","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T04:11:04","slug":"section-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/section-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Section 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3643\" class=\"elementor elementor-3643\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7300868 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7300868\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7946d3\" data-id=\"e7946d3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6f9b1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6f9b1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 15-07-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TRIPARTISM<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2569d72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2569d72\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27a4ce\" data-id=\"c27a4ce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47cd911 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47cd911\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tripartism in a Complex World<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-458669c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"458669c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-903486d\" data-id=\"903486d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0f92dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0f92dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 15-07-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>scroll to explore<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1af797b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1af797b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 15-07-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-50.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-91\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-50.svg 150w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-50.svg 300w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-50.svg 1024w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-50.svg 1536w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-50.svg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1083f2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1083f2e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75c2fb8\" data-id=\"75c2fb8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fc63a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fc63a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The workings of tripartism today have been further complicated by the rise of the gig economy, green jobs and wage stagnation among low-income workers. These add to the complexity of the relationship and roles of the government, employers and workers\u2019 unions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-112a9ff elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"112a9ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-08e2f58\" data-id=\"08e2f58\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc01ffb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc01ffb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gig Economy and Platform Workers<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fde178 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fde178\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a42a316\" data-id=\"a42a316\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e6ad217 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e6ad217\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e3cbed\" data-id=\"7e3cbed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa39f9c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fa39f9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/food_delivery_img.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6228\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/food_delivery_img.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/food_delivery_img-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/food_delivery_img-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/food_delivery_img-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/food_delivery_img-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e7dc03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e7dc03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Rider from food delivery service foodpanda outside restaurant in Little India, 2021.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d33bd2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d33bd2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"hah2_ext\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Ride-hailing firms in Singapore have grown in prominence since 2013, disrupting the transport industry as they were cheaper and more convenient than traditional licensed taxi services. Initially, the key players in the ride-hailing scene were Uber and Grab. The two companies eventually merged in 2018. Currently, Grab competes with Gojek, Tada and Ryde.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0465c50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0465c50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Beyond ride-hailing, demand for food delivery service also grew significantly over the years. The major companies are GrabFood, foodpanda and Deliveroo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c953e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c953e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Platform workers, such as drivers and food delivery riders, are not classified as employees, even if they work full-time for the platform companies. A<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s of June 2024,<\/span> they are classified as independent service providers or self-employed persons (SEPs), just like business owners or providers of ad-hoc consultancy services. This classification has significant repercussions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf268e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf268e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are several differences between SEPs and employees. First, the Employment Act, which stipulates mandatory paid leave, rest and other employee rights, does not apply to SEPs. Second, employees and employers are required to make mandatory contributions to the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which provides for retirement income and medical expenses. However, SEPs do not receive CPF contributions from service buyers.<\/p><p>Platform workers are also not allowed to join unions or engage in collective bargaining since SEPs could not form a trade union in Singapore.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7063463 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7063463\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-255c178\" data-id=\"255c178\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8eff6bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8eff6bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Policymakers have introduced changes. While not specific to platform workers, the tripartite partners collectively formed a Tripartite Workgroup for Self-Employed Persons in 2017 to identify the common challenges faced by SEPs and propose recommendations. These include establishing standards for engaging the services of SEPs, providing insurance, extending the Tripartite Alliance for Dispute Management\u2019s voluntary mediation services to SEPs and supporting SEP associations in developing occupation-specific competency frameworks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bcf7462\" data-id=\"bcf7462\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0898f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f0898f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mom.gov.sg\/-\/media\/mom\/documents\/press-releases\/2018\/0222-tripartite-workgroup-report-on-self-employed-persons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"446\" height=\"628\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Cover.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1559\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Cover.png 446w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Cover-213x300.png 213w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcb82c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcb82c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"font-size: 11px; margin-top: -20px;\"><br \/>Source: Ministry of Manpower Singapore, 2018.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e664471 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e664471\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a513e2\" data-id=\"0a513e2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1094a6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1094a6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The NTUC set up the National Delivery Champions Association in December 2020 to represent delivery riders, including on the issue of providing insurance coverage for income disruptions. The welfare of platform workers was raised in Parliament in February 2021, with one Member of Parliament (MP) suggesting that the government could consider allowing NTUC to represent such workers or providing them with some statutory protection under the Employment Act. In September 2021, the Advisory Committee on Platform Workers was initiated by the Ministry of Manpower to strengthen protections for platform workers, including financial compensation in case of work injury.\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Committee provided 12 recommendations. The Government has accepted all recommendations and will progressively\u00a0implement the initiatives, including enacting a new legislation.<\/span> At the same time, the Digital Platforms Industry Association (DPIA) was launched during the COVID-19 pandemic for platform companies to \u201ccome together to represent the interests of [their] rider partners and merchants\u201d. As of October 2022, several platform companies, including Grab and foodpanda, were providing personal accident coverage insurance for their platform workers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-668f62b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"668f62b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Click\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarbank.nus.edu.sg\/handle\/10635\/166536\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #c59a6f;\">here<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to read a case study on Improving the Welfare of Platform Workers in Singapore.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e3e5ce3 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"e3e5ce3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b628835\" data-id=\"b628835\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8db1d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8db1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wage Stagnation Among<br>Low-Income Workers<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b82b68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b82b68\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a438c6\" data-id=\"1a438c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1cd10ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1cd10ff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-784921f\" data-id=\"784921f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85b8ea4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"85b8ea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hawker_centre_img.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6229\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hawker_centre_img.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hawker_centre_img-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hawker_centre_img-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hawker_centre_img-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/hawker_centre_img-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-903be4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"903be4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Tray return sorting station at Tiong Bahru hawker centre. Cleaner seen clearing crockery trolley. People wearing masks during outbreak, 2021.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0de353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0de353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Since independence, the Singapore government has prioritised the value of \u201cself-reliance\u201d \u2013 that individuals should take responsibility for their own needs, failing which they should seek family or community support, before turning to the government as a last resort.<\/p><p>However, stagnant wages proved to be a key policy concern since the early 2010s. Of particular concern was \u201ccheap sourcing\u201d &#8211; the practice of outsourcing and competition for contracts that led to depressed wages, especially for cleaners.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b44aa2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b44aa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To combat this, a Tripartite Cluster for Cleaners (TCC) was formed with representatives from the government, unions, service buyers and cleaning service providers. According to former Labour MP, Zainal Sapari, the TCC\u2019s initial thinking was to set a single wage floor of $1,000 for cleaners. However, then NTUC Secretary-General Lim Swee Say preferred a wage ladder that would correspond to workers\u2019 skills, productivity and job responsibilities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a149d89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a149d89\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b61be0c\" data-id=\"b61be0c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29e3828 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"29e3828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/employee_upskilling_img-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6230\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/employee_upskilling_img-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/employee_upskilling_img-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/employee_upskilling_img-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/employee_upskilling_img-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/employee_upskilling_img.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e371808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e371808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In 2012, the TCC recommended a \u201cProgressive Wage Model\u201d (PWM) to provide a pathway for cleaners\u2019 wages to progress alongside training and productivity improvements. It called for a starting basic wage of at least\u00a0$1,000 for the most common types of cleaning jobs, with higher wages pegged to higher skills and job responsibilities. The PWM aimed to address the concern that a wage floor delinked from productivity would erode price competitiveness and distort the market.<\/p><p>The PWM is distinct from a legal minimum wage (as seen in other countries) in that it is tied to training, it is not mandated by law and it does not set a universal minimum for all workers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5992540 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5992540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"529\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tray_return_station_img-768x529.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-6231\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tray_return_station_img-768x529.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tray_return_station_img-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tray_return_station_img-1024x705.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tray_return_station_img-1536x1058.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/tray_return_station_img.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13d3bc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13d3bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Cleaner at tray return station at Kampung Admiralty hawker centre, 2021<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e1c541 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e1c541\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c5f263\" data-id=\"9c5f263\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-917b122 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"917b122\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PWM wage ladders were to be updated yearly, with the lowest wage floor for cleaners stipulated to increase gradually to <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$1,312 in 2022<\/span>. The forward schedule of increases (up to 2028) gives cleaning companies certainty and can be factored into tender pricing for cleaning contracts. From 2020, a mandatory PWM Bonus of at least two weeks of basic wages was introduced for local employees who had worked with the same cleaning company for at least 12 months.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b72282\" data-id=\"1b72282\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ab1c3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ab1c3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the initial phase of implementation, the PWM was voluntary. With the establishment of a new cleaning business licensing regime in 2014, PWM adoption became a requirement for all new cleaning contracts from September 2014, and for all cleaning contracts from September 2015. This meant that all local workers (Singaporeans and Permanent Residents) employed in outsourced cleaning jobs had to be paid a basic wage, initially set at $1,000 for a general cleaner and $1,600 for a supervisor. Cleaning firms were also required to send workers for training.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2af7b97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2af7b97\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f17a11e\" data-id=\"f17a11e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d9bc82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d9bc82\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5f57a8\" data-id=\"e5f57a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3a3503 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3a3503\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"hah3\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Besides cleaning, the security and landscaping sectors were also prone to \u201ccheap sourcing\u201d, with wages consequently low and stagnant. Subsequent implementation of the PWM in the security, cleaning and landscaping sectors benefited over 70,000 local workers. Between 2011 and 2016, the real median gross wages of full-time resident cleaners, security guards and landscape maintenance workers increased by 5.7%, 6.4% and 3% per year respectively, exceeding resident median work income growth of 2.3% per year.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8934eb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8934eb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"hah4\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Besides cleaning, the security and landscaping sectors were also prone to \u201ccheap sourcing\u201d, with wages consequently low and stagnant. Subsequent implementation of the PWM in the security, cleaning and landscaping sectors benefited over 70,000 local workers.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7a0e50\" data-id=\"c7a0e50\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ec8089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2ec8089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/security_guard_img.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6232\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/security_guard_img.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/security_guard_img-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/security_guard_img-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/security_guard_img-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/security_guard_img-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53b2f17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53b2f17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Security guard outside shopping mall in Yishun on a rainy afternoon, 2021.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3a5078 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3a5078\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Between 2011 and 2016, the real median gross wages of full-time resident cleaners, security guards and landscape maintenance workers increased by 5.7%, 6.4% and 3% per year respectively, exceeding resident median income growth of 2.3% per year.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1a3ae56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1a3ae56\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c83398\" data-id=\"8c83398\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf5e5ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf5e5ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the 2021 National Day Rally, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced that the government would expand the PWM to more sectors, including retail, food services and waste management. It would also cover specific occupations across all sectors, beginning with administrative assistants and drivers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-510f982\" data-id=\"510f982\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64b9c3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"64b9c3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/national_gallery_img.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6233\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/national_gallery_img.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/national_gallery_img-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/national_gallery_img-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/national_gallery_img-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/national_gallery_img-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8115296 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8115296\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-size: 13px;\">A man and a woman take a photograph outside the National Gallery of Singapore, which had the Singapore flag projected on it to commemorate National Day, 2021.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26cd221 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26cd221\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He announced that the extended PWM and the tighter Local Qualifying Salary requirements would cover over eight in ten lower-wage local workers.<\/span><\/p><p>Click\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarbank.nus.edu.sg\/handle\/10635\/218036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #c59a6f;\">here<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to read a case study on Singapore\u2019s PWM.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ae866d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"5ae866d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a84f73\" data-id=\"3a84f73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5420846 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5420846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Green Jobs<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f92a16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f92a16\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e9a531e\" data-id=\"e9a531e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c83fbe4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c83fbe4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b882fb0\" data-id=\"b882fb0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e27d75b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e27d75b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Globally, 9.5 million out of 18 million jobs in the energy sector risk being lost in the transition to greener energy. They will be replaced by an estimated 17.4 million new jobs that may emerge in the green economy. Such a significant transformation requires structural planning and coordination between workers, employers and the government, including its economic agencies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d78a7d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d78a7d5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd842b0\" data-id=\"dd842b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fff089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fff089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The tripartite partners have been looking into the relevance of workers\u2019 skills as jobs are redesigned for a greener economy. The NTUC has formed Company Training Committees (CTC) to encourage employers to train their workers to meet new skill demands.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3193ec9\" data-id=\"3193ec9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de9cbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5de9cbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"poop1\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/solar_panels_img.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6234\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/solar_panels_img.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/solar_panels_img-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/solar_panels_img-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/solar_panels_img-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/solar_panels_img-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40f861a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40f861a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Solar panels in downtown Singapore<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67de94c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67de94c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) has called on employers to tap on existing government schemes such as the Mid-Career Pathways programme and the Singapore Global Executive programme to continue developing a core Singapore workforce in newer and upcoming industries.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ba10789 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ba10789\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5772ed6\" data-id=\"5772ed6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85544ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"85544ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"417\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/WSG2020_img.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1960\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/WSG2020_img.jpg 417w, https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/WSG2020_img-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b2ce35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b2ce35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Source: Workforce Singapore-WSG2020<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ddebc elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"16ddebc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9464de5\" data-id=\"9464de5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-476bab8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"476bab8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Future of Tripartism<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f7a7046 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f7a7046\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15d1388\" data-id=\"15d1388\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc05569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc05569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<b>Those involved in tripartism work through the years share their perspectives on the continued importance and the future of tripartism in Singapore:<\/b>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19f08cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"19f08cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/embed\\\/UaKqE7CDQCQ?si=pRQM50IhzDnQJWYj&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 15-07-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio);-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center center;object-position:center center}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1\/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% \/ var(--video-aspect-ratio))}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a4405c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a4405c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/section-3\/\">PREVIOUS SECTION: TRIPARTISM AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS<\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TRIPARTISM Tripartism in a Complex World scroll to explore The workings of tripartism today have been further complicated by the rise of the gig economy, green jobs and wage stagnation among low-income workers. These add to the complexity of the relationship and roles of the government, employers and workers\u2019 unions. Gig Economy and Platform Workers &#8230; <a title=\"Section 4\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/section-4\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Section 4\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3643","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3643"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3643\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7067,"href":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3643\/revisions\/7067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lkyspp.nus.edu.sg\/research\/case-insights-unit\/tripartism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}