This working paper, Friendships in Flux: Generational and Socio-Economic Divides in Singapore, is based on data from the IPS Survey on Race, Religion, and Language (RRL) survey, conducted across three iterations (2013, 2018, and 2024). While the overarching survey comprises multiple thematic sections mostly associated with race, religion (R&R), and language — ranging from identity markers to policy issues — this paper spotlights a subset of question items on close friendships and respondents’ willingness to interact across demographic lines
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